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Companies ‘lack ethical guidelines’ for the use of emerging tech – study

2022-12-18
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Companies lack a coherent framework for the ethical implementation and use of emerging technologies, a new study by Deloitte has discovered. Tech leaders were responding to a survey exploring a range of technologies including natural language processing, distributed ledger technology, extended reality and automation.

Ethical guidelines in tech
Companies need to have an ethical framework designed with employees for emerging technology, Deloitte says. (Photo by solarseven/Shutterstock)

The findings come from ‘State of Ethics and Trust in Technology’, a new report from Deloitte involving interviews with 19 leading executives as well as a survey of 1,800 business and technical professionals involved in developing, consuming or managing emerging technologies. It comes as governments and civil society groups mull the need for ethical guidelines in tech like AI, quantum computing and automation.

Those responding were asked for views on which emerging technologies presented both the most potential for social harm, as well as social good. It revealed that 41% said cognitive technologies presented the highest ethical risk. This includes natural language processing (NLP), machine learning (ML), robotics, and image recognition, among other forms of AI. These technologies are designed to learn, interpret, and respond to data in order to automate tasks and make decisions.

At the other end of the scale, the emerging technologies seen as having the most potential for social good were also cognitive technologies at 33%, followed by extended reality at 14% of respondents, but only with an appropriate ethical framework in place.

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This could come with government or independent support and would allow a company to maximise the value of data while reducing the risk of misuse. Recently the Alan Turing Institute launched the UK’s AI Standards Hub, designed to bring together best practice in artificial intelligence and form a set of standards that can be used throughout the industry. It was launched in consultation with rights groups.

“We don’t want to hold back AI or hold up the technology, we just want to take a responsible approach to it including its impact on work and good work,” said Anna Thomas, director Institute for the Future of Work during a panel event at the launch of the hub. “You don’t have to wait for the standards, you just ensure you are aware of new standards being developed.”

Nearly two-thirds of the leaders surveyed for the study said leading practices are shared across their organisations to identify potential ethical issues from a new technology but only a third of those worked with other commercial organisations to review those ethical concerns with an external perspective. Only 22% currently partner with government or official agencies on ethical concerns, but the majority said government should play a much larger role in setting emerging tech standards and guidelines.

Deloitte says there are a number of “core principles” that govern the ethics of emerging technology including ensuring it is safe and secure, private, responsible, robust and reliable, transparent and explainable, accountable, fair and impartial.

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Responsible use of technology

The leaders responding to the survey were asked to rank each of these principles based on how important it was to them as an individual and to their organisation. There were some discrepancies between organisational and individual viewpoints, notably on robustness and reliability of the technology, with individuals viewing it as more important.

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Organisations cared more about the “responsible” nature of emerging technology than individuals, but both were aligned, and agreed on the most important aspect – safety and security.

One of the main takeaways, according to Deloitte, is that it is essential for companies and employees to be on the same page when it comes to ethical principles, requiring a clear framework for everyone to follow when deploying emerging technology.

To help ensure that these principles are adopted, companies and employees should co-create them in an open and flexible manner, the authors declared. Additionally, companies need to recognise when new principles emerge and adjust their own policies as needed. This shows that they are listening and responding to the changing landscape.

As technology continues to evolve, companies must think critically about how to ensure ethical behaviour in their use of emerging technologies, including through communication with employees and regularly reviewing and updating the framework, the report claims.

There are some key steps required to achieve this ethical perspective. The report says it is vital to identify the ethical principles most relevant to the industry and company, then embed them throughout the organisation, and continue to review them as technology advances.

Companies that are designing, developing, and deploying emerging technologies have an "enormous responsibility to minimise harm", the authors wrote, but this brings with it an opportunity to maximise the positive potential of the technology - with a commitment to forge a trustworthy and ethical future.

“Emerging technologies present tremendous opportunity to improve the lives of individuals and create a more equitable society,” said Kwasi Mitchell, chief purpose officer at Deloitte and the report’s co-author. “By prioritising ethical standards, organisations can be better positioned to harness the social good created by these new technologies.”

This comes with risk though, as those downplaying the ethical issues linked to developing and using emerging technologies can lead to multiple forms of legal, reputational and organisational damage that can impact profitability and trust in the organisation, explained Beena Ammanath, managing director, Deloitte Consulting LLP, adding that despite this "collaboration across business leadership and beyond demonstrates the high potential for creating such a framework and utilizing these technologies for societal good.”

Read more: UK AI Standards Hub launched by Alan Turing Institute

Topics in this article : AI , Ethics

参考译文
企业在使用新兴技术研究方面“缺乏道德准则”
德勤(Deloitte)的一项新研究发现,企业在合乎道德地实施和使用新兴技术方面缺乏一个连贯的框架。科技领袖们是在回应一项关于自然语言处理、分布式账本技术、扩展现实和自动化等一系列技术的调查。这些发现来自德勤的一份名为《技术道德与信任状况》的新报告,该报告采访了19位领先高管,并对参与开发、消费或管理新兴技术的1800名商业和技术专业人士进行了调查。目前,各国政府和民间社会团体正在考虑在人工智能、量子计算和自动化等技术领域制定道德准则的必要性。受访者被问及哪些新兴技术既可能带来最大的社会危害,也可能带来最大的社会效益。调查显示,41%的人认为认知技术存在最大的道德风险。这包括自然语言处理(NLP)、机器学习(ML)、机器人和图像识别,以及其他形式的人工智能。这些技术旨在学习、解释和响应数据,以便自动化任务和做出决策。在天平的另一端,被认为对社会公益最有潜力的新兴技术也是认知技术(33%),其次是扩展现实(14%),但前提是有适当的道德框架。这可能会得到政府或独立机构的支持,并将允许公司在降低滥用风险的同时,最大化数据价值。最近,艾伦·图灵研究所(Alan Turing Institute)推出了英国的人工智能标准中心(AI Standards Hub),旨在汇集人工智能领域的最佳实践,形成一套可在整个行业使用的标准。它是在与人权组织协商后推出的。“我们不想阻碍人工智能或阻碍这项技术,我们只是想对它采取负责任的态度,包括它对工作的影响,以及它对工作的影响,”未来工作研究所所长安娜·托马斯(Anna Thomas)在该中心启动的小组活动中说。“你不必等待标准的出台,你只需确保自己了解正在制定的新标准。”在接受调查的领导者中,近三分之二的人表示,在发现新技术潜在的道德问题方面,他们在整个组织中分享了领先的实践,但只有三分之一的人与其他商业组织合作,从外部角度审视这些道德问题。目前只有22%的人在道德问题上与政府或官方机构合作,但大多数人表示,政府应该在制定新兴技术标准和指导方针方面发挥更大的作用。德勤表示,管理新兴技术伦理的“核心原则”有很多,包括确保它是安全可靠的、私密的、负责任的、稳健可靠的、透明可解释的、负责任的、公平公正的。接受调查的领导者被要求根据这些原则对他们个人和组织的重要性对每项原则进行排名。在组织和个人观点之间存在一些差异,特别是在技术的稳健性和可靠性方面,个人认为它更重要。组织比个人更关心新兴技术的“负责任”性质,但两者都是一致的,并且在最重要的方面——安全和保障上达成了一致。德勤表示,其中一个主要结论是,公司和员工在道德原则方面保持一致是至关重要的,在部署新兴技术时,每个人都需要遵循一个明确的框架。 作者宣称,为了确保这些原则被采纳,公司和员工应该以开放和灵活的方式共同制定这些原则。此外,企业需要认识到新原则何时出现,并根据需要调整自己的政策。这表明他们正在倾听并对不断变化的环境做出反应。报告称,随着技术的不断发展,企业必须批判性地思考如何确保在使用新兴技术时的道德行为,包括通过与员工沟通以及定期审查和更新框架。要实现这种伦理观点,需要采取一些关键步骤。报告称,确定与行业和公司最相关的道德原则,然后将其贯穿整个组织,并随着技术的进步继续审查这些原则至关重要。作者写道,设计、开发和部署新兴技术的公司有巨大的责任将危害降到最低,但这也带来了一个机会,最大限度地发挥技术的积极潜力,并承诺打造一个值得信赖和道德的未来。德勤首席目标官、该报告的合著者夸西•米切尔(Kwasi Mitchell)表示:“新兴技术为改善个人生活、创建更公平的社会提供了巨大机遇。”“通过优先考虑道德标准,组织可以更好地利用这些新技术创造的社会公益。”但这也伴随着风险,因为那些忽视与开发和使用新兴技术相关的道德问题的人可能会导致多种形式的法律、声誉和组织损害,从而影响盈利能力和对组织的信任,德勤咨询有限公司董事总经理Beena Ammanath解释道。他补充说,尽管如此,企业领导层之间的合作证明了创建这样一个框架并利用这些技术造福社会的巨大潜力。”
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